Literary Criticism
hojjat rasouli; sheler ahmadi
Abstract
The prominent critic of Arabic literature of the 4th century AH, Ibn Tabataba al-Alawi, in comparison with the works of his contemporaries and predecessors, in his work Ayar al-She’r, has a distinctive way of criticizing Arabic literature. Ibn Tabataba specifically dealt with poetry as an artistic ...
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The prominent critic of Arabic literature of the 4th century AH, Ibn Tabataba al-Alawi, in comparison with the works of his contemporaries and predecessors, in his work Ayar al-She’r, has a distinctive way of criticizing Arabic literature. Ibn Tabataba specifically dealt with poetry as an artistic industry and made the structure and order of poetry the main focus of his discussion, in such a way that through his statements one can see the subtle distinction between different types of literature such as verse, prose, poetry and the different foundations of literary works. Now, since Ibn Tabataba's focus is on the poetry industry and, on the other hand, some researchers believe that the old Arabic criticism is a form-oriented criticism, we are going to show what the critical opinions of Ibn Tabataba in Ayar al-She'r are, within the framework of the principles of Russian formalism; and how much it is possible to consider Ibn Tabataba as subject to this general rule and look him as a critic with a formalist approach. Also, to what extent the evidence available in Ayar al-She’r strengthens this hypothesis, that the ancient Arabic literary criticism is formalist criticism. Therefore, in this research, the critical opinions of Ibn Tabataba in the book Ayar al-She’r were discussed based on the main characteristics of the Russian formalism approach and, through the descriptive-content analysis method. The result of the research showed that Ibn Tabataba is at the head of critics who have a formalistic approach and his critical opinions strengthen this hypothesis, that the old Arabic criticism is a formalistic criticism.
Hojjat Rasouli; Abolfazl Rezaei; Seyyedeh Firouzeh Hosseini
Abstract
The effort of poets to present a magnificent literary text, both in terms of language and content, is valuable. Many poets, using a variety of aesthetic methods, have differentiated their poetic language and thus have left the greatest impact on the audience. Mohammad Mehdi Javaheri is one of the poets ...
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The effort of poets to present a magnificent literary text, both in terms of language and content, is valuable. Many poets, using a variety of aesthetic methods, have differentiated their poetic language and thus have left the greatest impact on the audience. Mohammad Mehdi Javaheri is one of the poets whose poems are of great importance both in terms of content and structure.Although he has used most of his poems in the service of the political and social purposes of the homeland; but he did not neglect the formal beauties of the text. But the question is, what tricks has Javaheri used to highlight and perpetuate his poems? The present study has tried to provide evidence of lexical, syntactic abnormalities in the poem “Atbeg Doja"" based on the theory of de-familiarization and analytical-descriptive method. Jawaheri’s innate desire to use his aesthetic style and sensitivity in choosing words is an important factor in his poetic style. With his skill, he establishes coherence between the word and the content, and finally between all the components of the sentence, and finally, he presents a melodic poem in a beautiful style to the reader. The results show that a variety of linguistic techniques including phonetic, lexical and syntactic de-familiarity can be seen in this poem. The results show that many factors such as the rich culture of Jawaheri, his mastery of Qur'anic and religious texts, his familiarity with ancient literature and study of the works of the past and his extensive vocabulary allowed him to use techniques such as vocabulary, use the methods of repetition, presentation and delay, making new compositions, in order to highlight and differentiate his poetic language. By presenting such a style,
